The spectrum of hormonal disorders of children and adolescents is broad. It reflects some current features of the advancing lifestyle and health of the population: thelarche praecox and accelerated development in young girls - early menarche, dysfunctional juvenile metrorrhagia, eating disorders - anorexia-bulimia, obesity increase, extreme sports load, autoimmune disorders, central and peripheral endocrine disorders, and others. Many of these conditions can be favorably influenced by professional lifestyle adjustments and fine hormonal medication with simultaneous monitoring of the adjusting cytogram. Our experience is based on twelve years of close collaboration between clinical gynecologists and cytopathologists. We investigated more than 2500 patients, many of them repeatedly. Upon detection of the primary disorder, the results of treatment are monitored by repeated cytological examinations, which in most patients progressively normalize the hormone status and restore reproductive health. The article provides an overview of basic physiological and most common pathological images of hormonal cytology with illustrative case reports. It also describes the usual formulation of a cytological report. Cytological examinations of the fornix vaginal epithelium are noninvasive, economically feasible and easily repeatable, which still have a place in childhood gynecological practice. They contribute to reproductive health by identifying the need and type of hormonal treatment, monitoring the treatment of menstrual cycle disorders and eliminating or identifying the need for a more detailed examination of steroid metabolism.