In an obesity pandemic context, eating disorders (ED) have arisen as serious illnesses associated with severe disturbances and has a clear gender dependent bias. In this manuscript, we provide an overview of the oestrogen role in the homeostatic and hedonic control of food intake. We draw attention to the role of oestrogens in the various reward processes and their possible implication in the development of ED, a condition much more common in women. In here, we have summarized the most relevant studies conducted in animal models over the last few years. In particular, we want to emphasize on the importance of continuing thorough investigations in female animal models. We believe that understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate gender differences in food intake may provide new potential targets for ED treatment.